Advancements in EV Battery Charging Technologies: A Review
Keywords:
Battery electric vehicle, Charging technologies, Converter technologies, Electric vehicle, Fuzzy logic controller, Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, Traffic signal controlAbstract
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized as key contributors to reducing carbon emissions, primarily because they eliminate the need for fossil fuel-based transportation. These vehicles operate using rechargeable battery systems, which can be charged either through onboard charging mechanisms or via external charging infrastructure. Therefore, establishing a comprehensive network of charging stations equipped with specialized technology is essential for widespread EV adoption and achieving the net-zero emissions by 2070 target. Two rapidly advancing categories in this domain are plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs), both of which rely on high-performance electric motors as their primary source of propulsion. A clear understanding of EV battery systems is crucial for analyzing vehicle performance and examining how these batteries interact with chargers and charging infrastructure. The batteries used in EVs differ significantly from those found in common consumer electronics such as laptops and smartphones. In research and development, equivalent circuit models are widely applied to lithium-ion batteries in EVs to replicate and study their dynamic behavior. These batteries are designed to provide substantial power output—often reaching up to hundreds of kilowatts—along with high energy storage capacity measured in tens of kilowatt-hours, all within constraints of space and weight. Additionally, most battery electric and hybrid vehicles incorporate regenerative braking systems, which allow the battery to be partially recharged during braking, thereby improving overall energy efficiency and reducing mechanical wear on braking components and this is the research gap. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles function in a comparable manner to conventional hybrid systems, with the added advantage of external charging capability.
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