Research & Review: Electronics and Communication Engineering

Smart Vehicle Theft Detection System with Real-time Monitoring

Vaibhav V. Gijare — 2025-06-04

Vehicle theft remains a growing concern, necessitating advanced security solutions for real-time tracking and prevention. This research presents an intelligent anti-theft security system that integrates Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Global Positioning System (GPS) modules to enhance vehicle safety. The system employs GPS for precise location tracking, GSM for seamless communication, and an array of sensors to detect unauthorized access or tampering. Additionally, it utilizes a controller area network (CAN) bus, connected to both an Arduino and an ESP8266 module, to facilitate efficient data exchange. The Arduino-based module is responsible for theft detection, while the ESP8266 module manages real-time monitoring of vehicle parameters, including fuel levels, light intensity, temperature, and humidity. In the event of suspicious activity, the system triggers an alarm and instantly notifies the vehicle owner and relevant authorities via SMS or other communication channels. The proposed solution provides a reliable and efficient mechanism for preventing theft and recovering vehicles, thereby improving response times and reducing losses. This work contributes to the advancement of smart security systems, ensuring enhanced vehicle protection through real-time data acquisition, CAN-based communication, and automated alerts.

Intelligent Solar-based Battery Automation and Gas Fire Alert System with GSM

Anuradha Mane — 2025-07-07

This project aimed to develop an intelligent solar-based battery automation and gas fire alert system integrated with GSM technology. The system utilized solar energy as a sustainable power source to charge and manage battery operations automatically. It employed sensors to monitor battery parameters, ensuring efficient energy usage and protection against overcharging or deep discharging. Additionally, a gas sensor was incorporated to detect the presence of flammable gases, triggering an alert mechanism in case of leakage or fire. Upon detection of a gas leak or fire hazard, the system sent immediate SMS notifications to predefined contacts via the GSM module, enabling rapid response and enhancing safety. The project successfully demonstrated the integration of renewable energy management with real-time hazard alerting, contributing to both energy efficiency and domestic safety.

Real-Time Parking Space Detection and Management Using ESP32 and IR Technology

Akshada Patil — 2025-07-14

This paper proposes a comprehensive, real-time parking space detection and management system based on internet of things (IoT) technology. The system harnesses the advantages of low-cost infrared (IR) sensors paired with the versatile ESP32 microcontroller platform, which is endowed with built-in Wi-Fi communication capabilities. This integration facilitates real-time detection of vehicle presence in individual parking slots and seamless communication of parking availability status to users via a mobile application. The proposed system not only detects slot occupancy but also empowers users with reservation options and navigation assistance to their reserved spots, significantly enhancing the overall parking experience.

The use of IR sensors is especially advantageous due to their cost-effectiveness, ease of installation, and relatively stable performance under varying environmental conditions. Unlike ultrasonic or inductive loop sensors, IR sensors do not require intrusive pavement installation, reducing deployment complexity and cost. The ESP32 microcontroller’s flexibility allows for easy scalability and integration into existing Wi-Fi infrastructure, making the system suitable for diverse parking environments, from small-scale lots to expansive multi-level garages.

The mobile application interface acts as the user’s gateway to the system, providing real-time updates on parking availability, reservation functionality, and alerts on slot occupancy changes. This not only minimizes the time and fuel wasted in searching for parking but also contributes significantly to reducing urban air pollution and traffic congestion.

Extensive testing in a controlled environment demonstrates that the system achieves a high detection accuracy rate of approximately 98%, with communication latency below one second, confirming its suitability for real-time applications. User feedback indicates a high level of satisfaction regarding usability and responsiveness, suggesting strong potential for practical deployment.

The system’s modular and scalable architecture lays the foundation for future enhancements, including integration with secure digital payment systems, advanced analytics through machine learning to predict parking demand, and enhanced security through AI-driven surveillance technologies.

Smart Prepaid Multimode Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicles with Integrated Parking

D. U. Chavan — 2025-07-24

This project introduces a novel wireless charging solution that combines prepaid payment functionality with intelligent parking management to address key challenges in EV charging accessibility.

The proposed system offers contactless charging through electromagnetic induction while implementing a prepaid payment model via RFID authentication. Through a specialized mobile application that provides account management tools and real-time monitoring capabilities, users can easily manage their charging sessions. This design stands out for its multimode power sourcing architecture, which gives renewable energy priority. In order to maximize sustainability and ensure continuous operation, the system intelligently alternates between solar powers, battery reserves, and traditional grid electricity based on current availability. This method greatly lessens reliance on electricity produced during the day from fossil fuels.

By using automated vehicle positioning, the integrated parking management component maximizes the use of the infrastructure. The system uses horizontal movement mechanisms to reposition charged vehicles to non-charging spaces when fully charged vehicles occupy active charging stations while new vehicles arrive. This frees up premium charging positions for energy-demanding vehicles. Throughput capacity is significantly increased during periods of peak usage thanks to this dynamic resource allocation.

User interaction occurs through an intuitive interface combining RFID authentication with numeric input for session duration selection. The system automatically calculates charges based on selected duration and deducts the amount from prepaid accounts, similar to telecommunications payment models. Status updates and charging progress are displayed locally via LCD screens and remotely through the companion mobile application.

Comprehensive safety features include automatic charging termination to prevent battery damage, overload protection circuits to manage electrical anomalies, and secure authentication protocols to prevent unauthorized access. The system’s modular design allows for scalable deployment across various parking environments, from public facilities to residential complexes.

This integrated approach to EV charging infrastructure represents a significant advancement in supporting sustainable transportation adoption by eliminating physical connection requirements while optimizing resource allocation through intelligent management systems and a scalable approach to modern transportation management.

Smart Flood Monitoring and Mitigation Using Embedded Systems: A Proactive Approach to Disaster Management

Mrunali M. Patil — 2025-07-30

Floods and heavy rainfall can lead to widespread destruction, but advanced monitoring systems offer a powerful means to protect both lives and property. Traditional flood monitoring methods such as rain gauges and manually operated floodgates often suffer from limited coverage, delayed response times, and inaccurate data. Emerging technologies can overcome these limitations by employing real-time sensors to monitor water levels and environmental conditions, automatically initiating actions like opening floodgates or sending alerts when thresholds are crossed. These smart systems also enhance flood prediction capabilities, provide more accurate data, and can cover expansive geographic areas. However, challenges such as infrastructure development, sensor maintenance, and data security must be carefully managed. Despite these hurdles, technology-driven flood monitoring systems offer a more efficient, cost-effective, and reliable solution, particularly in regions where traditional methods fall short.