Review of Advancements in Understanding and Treating Varicose Veins

Abstract

Disfigurement and impairment are caused by varicose veins, twisted, swollen veins typically found on the lower limbs. Varicose veins vary in frequency. It is estimated that at least one-third of people have varicose veins in their lower limbs. Family history, obesity, advanced age, pregnancy, and prolonged standing are risk factors. The pathophysiology includes weakened arterial walls, ineffective valves, and genetic factors. Treatment options for varicose veins include conservative measures like diet, lifestyle modifications, and hydrotherapy, which need a high level of patient compliance to be effective, as well as interventional therapies like surgery. Symptoms, patient desire, cost, and possible risks influence the therapeutic option. This review examines varicose vein risk factors, symptoms, surgery, conservative care, complications, and prevention.