A Review on the Use of Third-Generation Cephalosporins on Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Based on its Spectrum of Activity

Sudharsan R. — 2024-01-25

This review explores the clinical usage of third-generation cephalosporins, a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that are essential for treating gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections in a variety of infectious conditions. These antibiotics have bactericidal action by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Among the well-known members of this class are cefoperazone, cefpodoxime proxetil, ceftibuten, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime. Inhibiting transpeptidase is the mechanism of action, which, in the case of gram-negative bacteria, results in cell lysis and death. Third-generation cephalosporins are used to treat a wide range of conditions, including meningitis, genitourinary tract infections, pneumonia, infections of the skin and soft tissues, and bone and joint infections. Each cephalosporin within this generation exhibits a distinct spectrum of activity. For instance, cefpodoxime proxetil acts against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, whereas cefixime acts against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Neisseria gonorrhoea and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are only two examples of the many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that ceftriaxone is active against. This review also highlights the synergistic effects of combining third-generation cephalosporins with other antibiotics, demonstrating their versatility in managing complex infections. Despite their effectiveness, third-generation cephalosporins may not be effective against Chlamydia trachomatis. Furthermore, careful consideration of each antibiotic's spectrum guides their specific use in treating conditions such as urinary tract infections, otitis media, bronchitis, and gynecologic infections. In conclusion, the comprehensive spectrum of action of third-generation cephalosporins makes them valuable in addressing a diverse array of bacterial infections. However, their use should be judicious, considering the evolving landscape of antibiotic resistance and the specific bacterial targets for optimal therapeutic outcomes.

Antidiabetic Screening of Methanolic Stem Extract of Opuntia Ficus Indica on Experimental Subjects

Pawan Bajpai — 2024-01-30

Diabetes Mellitus is a group of symptoms caused by hyperglycemia and changes in lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism, increasing the risk of vascular diseases. More than 400 herbs have been reported to have hypoglycemic effects, but only some of them have been studied. Although there are many medications to control diabetes, they also have some side effects. Opuntia Ficus Indica is famous in the Ayurvedic system of medicine and is used to treat many ailments. The plant is reported to have laxative, antiasthmatic, anthelminthic, headache, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the anti-diabetic effect of cactus stem extract on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. This study focuses on the Prickly Pear model and evaluates its anti-inflammatory activity, focusing on its mechanism of action. Validation of antidiabetic properties is related to many biochemical parameters involved.

Recent Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (e-ISSN: 2583-5718)

A Review on the Use of Third-Generation Cephalosporins on Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Based on its Spectrum of Activity

Antidiabetic Screening of Methanolic Stem Extract of Opuntia Ficus Indica on Experimental Subjects