Chandipura Virus: A Lesser Known but Dangerous Epidemic

Abstract

In this review, we have discussed about the chandipura virus in detail. The Chandipura Virus, a subsidiary of the Rhabdoviridae family, is the cause of this explosive outbreak in rural India. It is spread via sand flies, mosquitoes, and ticks. The virus primarily affects youngsters and is characterized by influenza-like sickness and brain dysfunctions. About 70% of cases of CHPV pediatric encephalitis that were recorded in 2003–2004 in central and south-western India resulted in death. High-grade fever, altered sensorium, vomiting, decerebrate posture, generalised convulsions, and coma are all signs of a CHPV infection. The defining feature of CHPV infection is neuroinflammation, which significantly affects the cerebral and brainstem areas. Acute encephalitis is caused by the CHPV infection. With a case fatality rate of more than 50%, the illness is marked by a high fever, headache, exhaustion, vomiting, and convulsions. Due to excessive cytokine release, immunopathology is thought to be the cause of the damage to nerve tissue. Usually, death happens 24 to 48 hours following the onset of clinical signs. According to research, CHPV replication in brain cells peaks six hours after infection, resulting in fast apoptosis. This could account for the children's early death. Based on evidence of venereal and transovarial transmission as well as virus isolations, phlebotomine sandflies are thought to be vectors for the spread of CHPV. There have been notable developments in antiviral treatments, vaccinations, preventative measures, and diagnostics. There aren't any vaccines or therapies for CHPV infection at the moment. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Google Scholar were used to perform an extensive literature search on CHPV cases. CHPV infections that were confirmed in laboratories. We extracted and examined data on clinical presentations, epidemiological variables, diagnostics, and outbreak features. Understanding molecular pathogenesis is crucial for developing efficacious therapies and preventive measures. The review summarises CHPV epidemiology, transmission, genome structure, replication, pathogenesis and the latest antiviral therapies and vaccine developments.