Personalized Medicine and Cardiovascular Disease: A Targeted Approach

Abstract

By incorporating unique genetic, biomarker, and imaging profiles into customized treatment plans, personalized medicine is completely changing the way cardiovascular disease (CVD) is managed. The impact of personalized medicine on cardiovascular care is examined in this review paper, with particular attention paid to biomarkers, diagnostics, imaging methods, customized therapies, and potential future developments. Biomarkers are essential in customized cardiovascular care because they provide information on myocardial damage, heart failure, and cardiovascular risk. Troponins and BNP/NT-probing are well-established biomarkers crucial for diagnosing and treating heart failure and acute coronary syndromes. Emerging biomarkers that aid in risk assessment and offer extra prognostic information include GDF-15 and MPO. Improvements in imaging methods have significantly increased the accuracy of diagnosis. Treatment choices are guided by the comprehensive anatomical and functional information provided by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR) and coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA). Diagnostics are further improved by molecular imaging methods like PET and SPECT, which show particular biological processes at the molecular level. A key component of personalized medicine is customized therapeutic interventions. Pharmacogenomics makes it possible to tailor medication treatments according to genetic profiles, increasing effectiveness and reducing side effects. For those who are genetically predisposed, novel therapeutic targets such as gene therapies and PCSK9 inhibitors offer encouraging treatment alternatives. Case studies illustrate the usefulness of genetic testing and individualized treatment plans in the real-world application of personalized medicine in diseases including familial hypercholesterolemia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Improving predictive modeling and decision-making may be possible by combining artificial intelligence and machine learning. However, issues such as data protection, ethical issues, and guaranteeing fair access to customized treatments remain to be resolved. Continued developments in genetics, biomarkers, and implementation techniques are essential for the future of cardiovascular customized medicine to deliver accurate and efficient therapy suited to each patient's needs.