Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): Bridging Traditional Wisdom and Modern Therapeutics for Holistic Health Applications

Abstract

The well-known medicinal herb fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) has attracted much interest due to its many traditional and therapeutic uses. The historical, cultural, and pharmacological aspects of Fenugreek are carefully examined in this paper, which highlights the plant's significance in conventional medical systems, including Ayurveda, Unani, and Traditional Chinese Medicine. Bioactive substances such as saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and galactomannan, abundant in fenugreek seeds and leaves, give it a wide range of therapeutic benefits. Traditionally, Fenugreek has been used to treat various illnesses, such as gynecological issues, diabetes, inflammation, and digestive difficulties. Recent scientific investigations highlight its hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities, further confirming its medicinal potential. Additionally, Fenugreek shows potential in new fields such as gut microbiota regulation, anticancer treatments, and metabolic syndrome management. The various modes of action that underlie the pharmacological actions of Fenugreek, such as insulin-mimetic activity, enzyme inhibition, and receptor modulation, are also covered in this review. Its relevance in contemporary dietary patterns is further highlighted by discussing its nutritional and functional food uses. To thoroughly grasp Fenugreek's uses and limitations, the review assesses its safety profile while looking at its toxicological characteristics and potential medication interactions. This review attempts to close the gap between ethnopharmacological practices and evidence-based medicine by fusing traditional knowledge with new scientific discoveries. It opens the door for more study and clinical uses by highlighting the unrealized potential of Fenugreek as a sustainable resource for nutritional and medicinal advancements.