The Hidden Impact of Social Determinants on Menopausal Experiences: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Menopause is one point in a continuum of life stages for women and marks the end of their reproductive years. This study examines the association between menopause and social determinants of health, with a focus on the impact of lifestyle, employment, education, and economic status. As global life expectancy increases, the number of menopausal women is projected to reach 1.2 billion by 2030, highlighting the need for comprehensive care. The study emphasizes that menopause should be viewed as part of a continuum of life stages, where prior health, reproductive history, and environmental factors play a crucial role. Perimenopausal and postmenopausal symptoms can disrupt personal and professional lives, necessitating access to quality healthcare services and support systems. Despite these challenges, menopause remains under-discussed in many societies, with insufficient policy, funding, and services to address women's health needs during this transition. Strengthening awareness, healthcare access, and social support is essential to promote healthy aging and improve the quality of life for women during menopause.