Journal of Midwifery, Women Health And Gynaecological Nursing

A Descriptive Study to Assess the Attitude and Practice Regarding Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Primi Mothers in Selected Rural Community at Chamarajanagar, Karnataka

Simon S — 2026-04-04

Background: The most valuable gift a newborn may receive is breast milk, which is rich in nutrients and immune-boosting chemicals. Women must be provided with accurate information on the duration of nursing, weaning, diet, breastfeeding physiology, and supplements that should be taken during breastfeeding, among other essential details. Only then will healthcare and services become more meaningful and support mothers in nursing successfully.

Objective: The study aims to assess the demographic data, attitude, and practices regarding breastfeeding among primi mothers in a selected rural community at B.R. Hills, Chamarajanagar.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 primi mothers by using a quantitative research approach at the rural community at B.R Hills, Chamarajanagar. Data were collected by using a self-prepared questionnaire and opinion statements towards attitude and practice among primi mothers. The collected data were analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: The average age of primi mothers was 18–22 years old, and most of them were working. The results evidenced that mothers who scored more than 70% on the attitude test were deemed to have a good attitude, while those who scored less than 70% were deemed to have a less positive attitude. In the view towards practice of breastfeeding, the majority of mothers have heard of EBF and believe it is crucial for both the mother’s and the child’s health, but only 45% of them had exclusively breastfed their child for the first six months. Findings show that 62% of primi mothers have a good attitude score, 13% primi mothers have an average attitude score, and 25% primi mothers have a poor attitude score towards breastfeeding. Among 50 primi mother’s majority of them (i.e. 50%) have poor practice regarding breastfeeding. Only 45% of primi mothers follow the good practice of exclusive breastfeeding. The average mean value of attitude and practice was 30.9 and 22.5.

Conclusion: The study indicated that there are both positive and negative attitudes among primi moms regarding breastfeeding. This research shows that there are still misconceptions about breastfeeding. The results of this study highlight the importance of educating mothers on the different facets of breastfeeding in order to enable them to make well-informed decisions about nursing their infants.

From Challenge to Resilience: Advancing Psychosocial Preparedness for Motherhood in High-Risk Pregnancy

Anugrah Singh Munda — 2026-01-14

Pregnancy involves profound physical, emotional, and social transformations, with high-risk pregnancies presenting unique psychosocial challenges that significantly increase maternal vulnerability to stress, anxiety, depression, and mental health issues, compounded by hormonal changes. Based on systematic searches of PubMed, Medline, and CINAHL, this literature review examined the lived experiences of high-risk pregnant women as well as psychological adaptation. According to research, high-risk pregnancies have an impact on a woman's physical, psychological, social, marital, and spiritual well-being. Almost one-fifth of women experience significant anxiety during and after pregnancy, which is frequently made worse by ineffective coping mechanisms. Physical stability, emotional control, self-efficacy, supportive relationships, and spiritual significance all have an impact on the multifaceted state of well-being in high-risk pregnancy. Resilience is greatly increased by protective variables such as strong family and marital support, adaptive coping skills, and spirituality, even while high-risk pregnancies increase vulnerability through uncertainty, limited roles, and societal stigma. Despite juggling dread, worry, optimism, and joy at the same time, women with strong support networks exhibit superior psychological response. To improve maternal well-being, pregnancy outcomes, and long-term child development, findings emphasise the critical need for frequent psychological screening and comprehensive, culturally sensitive, woman-centred care that incorporates physical, emotional, social, and spiritual support

Advances in Modern Contraception: A Narrative Review of Emerging Devices and Methods

Annu Ranjeet Singh — 2026-02-10

Background: Contraception remains a cornerstone of reproductive health and a critical public health intervention to reduce unintended pregnancies and associated maternal morbidity. Despite the availability of multiple contraceptive methods, the global contraceptive landscape has historically been dominated by female-centred hormonal and permanent methods, often accompanied by significant physiological, psychological, and social burdens. In recent years, innovations in contraceptive technology have aimed to enhance user autonomy, improve safety profiles, expand non-hormonal options, and address the long-standing gender imbalance in contraceptive responsibility.

Objective: To review and synthesize evidence on newer contraceptive devices and methods introduced between 2020 and 2025, with particular emphasis on effectiveness, safety, acceptability, continuation rates, and their potential contribution to equitable reproductive health care.

Methods: A narrative review of literature published between January 2020 and December 2025 was conducted using electronic databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and qualitative research involving women of reproductive age (15–49 years) and, where applicable, men participating in contraceptive trials. Data were descriptively synthesized.

Results: Twenty eligible studies were identified. Newer contraceptive technologies included over-the-counter progestin-only pills, vaginal pH regulators, low-dose and novel combined oral contraceptives, single-rod implants, transdermal patches, long-acting vaginal rings, and emerging male contraceptive methods such as hormonal gels and injectable hydrogels. Overall, these methods demonstrated favourable contraceptive efficacy, acceptable safety profiles, and high user satisfaction, though method-specific adverse effects and population limitations were observed.

Conclusion: Advances in contraceptive technology from 2020–2025 represent a significant shift toward user-controlled, safer, and more inclusive reproductive health options. While female-centred innovations continue to evolve with improved hormonal profiles and delivery systems, emerging male contraceptives hold promise for redistributing contraceptive responsibility. Further long-term, population-specific, and implementation-focused studies are required to support widespread adoption and policy integration.

Menstrual Hygiene Management and Its Implications for Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Narrative Review

Thamarai Selvi P. M — 2026-02-21

Background: Menstrual health is foundational to women's overall well-being. Despite its importance, millions of menstruating individuals lack access to safe, dignified menstrual hygiene management (MHM), which has adverse implications on Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH).

Objectives: This review aims to examine the interrelationship between menstrual health and SRH, highlight current gaps, and recommend pathways for integrating menstrual health into nursing education and public health policy.

Methods: A narrative review approach was adopted. Articles were identified through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, yielding 18 peer-reviewed publications. An additional 13 resources were included from websites, reports, and grey literature. Studies and documents published in English addressing menstrual health, hygiene management, awareness, and interventions were included.

Results: Poor menstrual hygiene is related to increased prevalence of RTIs, UTIs, school absenteeism, and psychological distress. Multisectoral interventions show the greatest success in addressing these complex issues.

Conclusion: Menstrual health must be integrated into SRH frameworks and nursing curricula to ensure comprehensive care. A rights-based, holistic approach is needed to eliminate stigma, improve health outcomes, and support gender equity.

AI Based PCOS Prediction with Feature Explainability for Clinical Decision Support

Divya Dubey — 2026-04-01

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, often leading to metabolic, reproductive, and psychological complications. Early detection is critical to prevent long-term consequences, yet many cases remain undiagnosed.

Methods: This study developed a web-based AI and Machine Learning (ML) system for preliminary PCOS risk prediction using real-world survey data. Fifty participants provided physiological and lifestyle-related information, including age, BMI, menstrual cycle regularity, body hair growth, acne, diet, and exercise habits. Data were pre-processed, scaled, and used to train supervised ML models for risk classification.

Results: The system successfully classified participants into high- and low-risk categories. Among respondents, 29.5% reported irregular menstrual cycles, with co-occurring symptoms such as weight gain and acne, supporting the model’s multi-feature approach. The predictive model demonstrated consistent alignment with clinical guidelines, highlighting its potential as an accessible early-screening tool.

Conclusion: A simple web-based AI system can facilitate early identification of PCOS risk, enabling timely lifestyle intervention and medical consultation. Although the study was limited by a small dataset and self-reported data, the approach demonstrates feasibility for scalable preventive healthcare solutions. Future work should expand datasets, integrate biochemical markers, and validate predictions clinically.