Exploring Mothers’ Knowledge, Utilization, and Satisfaction with Postnatal Care Services at Federal Medical Centre Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria

Abstract

Postnatal care (PNC) helps in decreasing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Uptake and satisfaction, however, continue to be low in the facilities in many Nigerians. This study examines the utilization, knowledge, and satisfaction among women for PNC at Federal Medical Centre Umuahia, with an aim towards determining motivating factors and improving the service. A mixed-method design was used. Quantitative data were gathered from 248 postpartum mothers using structured questionnaires and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with the ten purposively sampled mothers and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis process. Interpretations were triangulated. Most of the women (62.9%) lacked sufficient knowledge about PNC, specifically in the areas of maternal danger signs and mental health. Utilization was moderate (median 3.0/4), with satisfaction rates equally moderate. Both the utilization and satisfaction were strongly associated (χ² = 11.36, p = 0.010). Qualitative findings indicated emotional neglect, waits, and lack of person-centered communication, with high trust in care for the infant and in caregivers' competence. The research identifies how systemic service constraints and knowledge gaps compromise the best postnatal care. Respectful communication, emotional support, and formal health education were themes that emerged throughout satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Cultural tensions and provider-client interactions strongly influenced mothers' perceptions, emphasizing the need for person-centered, culturally responsive models for delivering services. PNC quality in FMC Umuahia was technically sound but lacking in emotional, educational, and systemic responsiveness. Interventions that specifically aim for better postnatal outcomes include provider education in patient-centered care, formal counseling, reduced waiting times, and culturally responsive educational materials. Engaging family support systems and electronic follow-up tools can increase participation and satisfaction. All these interventions are necessary for the development of better maternal health outcomes and attainment of sustainable development goals in Nigeria and worldwide.