A Mini Review on Human Metapneumovirus Infection in Pediatric: Epidemiology, Clinical Impact, and Strategies for Prevention and Management

Abstract

Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV), discovered in 2001 as a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, has become recognized as a significant respiratory pathogen affecting children worldwide. This virus poses a particularly serious threat to children with compromised immune systems, including those with cancer and transplant recipients. Globally, hMPV accounts for 5-10% of pediatric hospitalizations for acute respiratory infections, with infection rates peaking during winter and spring months. The consequences are especially severe for immunocompromised patients, with studies showing that 15% develop respiratory failure and 10% face mortality when infected. Children with weakened immunity frequently experience progression to severe lower respiratory tract infections when infected with hMPV. Diagnostic confirmation typically depends on RT-PCR testing, while treatment options remain largely supportive. By looking at the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical outcomes, and management approaches based on recent research, this review seeks to give a broad overview of the clinical consequences of hMPV in paediatric immunocompromised patients.