Cerebral Palsy-An Overview

Abstract

The most prevalent motor disability in children is cerebral palsy. An approximate estimate of the incidence in India is 3/1000 live births. William Little initially described this prevalent neuro-developmental condition in toddlers in 1861. CP is motor impairments that develop from multiple aetiologies. The clinical features of CP vary depending on the type of movement disorder, the body part affected, and the degree of functional ability. It is characterized by muscle weakness, poor coordination, stiff muscles, tremors, abnormalities in movement, and motor skills caused by early injury to the brain. Additionally, individuals with CP may experience other challenges, such as difficulties with speech; vision procedures can significantly enhance functionality and quality of life. The causes of CP are prenatal infections, birth complications, genetic mutations, and traumatic injuries to the brain. Proactive management such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, medications, and sometimes surgical management can reduce morbidity and weakness, increase outcomes, enhance motor functions, and improve quality of life.