Meconium Stained Liquor Associated with Congenital Pneumonia in Neonates: A Rare Case Report

Abstract

Meconium stained liquor (MSL) is a warning indication of neonatal distress. The meconium stained liquor is seen in 5 10.5% of infants worldwide, accounting for around 12% of neonatal mortality (up to 40% case fatality rate for the neonate and approximately 2% of perinatal mortality). Evidence showed that the incidence of meconium stained fluid increased with gestational age. Meconium stained liquid caused complications in 7 to 22% of term pregnancies worldwide. A rare complication was seen in a newborn male child born with a 2.9 kg weight; the neonate didn’t cry immediately after birth as a neonate born with meconium aspiration for immediate resuscitation was done, and the baby was shifted to NICU. On clinical evaluation, it was revealed that the neonate had congenital pneumonia with bradycardia and shortness of breath. For this management, the neonate was intubated, CPR was started, then the neonate was connected to a ventilator in PCV (pressure control ventilation) mode and started antibiotics immediately, i.e. Inj Meropenem, Inj Amikacin, Inj Levetiracetam, Inj Dobutamine, and Fresh Frozen Plasma 30ml was transfused for over 3 hours. And the baby stated on NBM. Physical examination revealed that the neonate's chest became barrel shaped as the anterior posterior diameter increased due to overinflation. Patchy infiltrates in the lungs, hyperinflation, and meconium aspiration were discovered on a chest X ray examination, and the baby is being managed with ventilator assistance.