Performance Evaluation of Conflict Resolution Techniques in Edge–Cloud Database Synchronization
Abstract
Edge–cloud database systems face significant challenges in maintaining data consistency while providing low-latency access for edge applications. Concurrent updates at distributed edge nodes often cause conflicts, degrading system performance and reliability. This study presents a systematic empirical evaluation of three widely used conflict resolution strategies: Last-Write-Wins (LWW), version vectors, and Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs), across multiple NoSQL databases (Cassandra, Redis, and CouchDB) under high-concurrency workloads. Experiments assess synchronization latency, throughput, conflict rate, and metadata overhead under varying network conditions and numbers of edge nodes. Results indicate that LWW achieves the lowest latency and highest throughput but suffers from high conflict rates; CRDTs eliminate conflicts at the cost of higher latency and metadata overhead, and version vectors provide a balanced trade-off. These findings provide quantitative guidance for selecting conflict resolution strategies in edge–cloud systems, highlighting the trade-offs between performance, consistency, and scalability. The study also contributes a reproducible benchmark framework for evaluating synchronization strategies under realistic edge–cloud scenarios.
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