A Comprehensive Analysis of Cloud Computing Architectures: Evolution, Security, and Sustainability
Keywords:
Blockchain security, Cloud computing, Edge computing, Green computing, Hybrid cloudAbstract
Cloud computing has transformed digital infrastructure by providing scalable, cost- effective, and on-demand computing services. This paper offers an in-depth analysis of cloud computing architectures, encompassing enabling technologies, service models, security mechanisms, and sector-specific applications. A novel blockchain-edge hybrid security framework is proposed to enhance trust, data integrity, and compliance in hybrid cloud environments. Case studies across healthcare, fintech, education, smart cities, and retail demonstrate real-world impacts. Simulations using CloudSim 4.0 with NASA Ames and synthetic workloads validate improvements in energy efficiency (up to 37%) and latency (down to 4ms). The paper explores emerging trends such as green computing, quantum-safe cryptography, AI-native orchestration, and 6G integration, and provides a roadmap for future research and adoption. Recommendations for enterprises, cloud providers, and policy-makers address challenges like vendor lock-in, regulatory compliance, and sustainability.
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