Review on Developed as Alternatives to Petroleum-Based Bitumen, Reducing Dependence on Fossil Fuels

Abstract

Bituminous concrete, a composite material commonly used in road construction, comprises mineral aggregates, bitumen (as a binder), and air voids. This mixture provides durability and flexibility for pavements, making it ideal for withstanding traffic loads and environmental stresses. However, the rising costs of energy and petroleum-based materials like bitumen pose significant challenges. The extraction and processing of bitumen are energy-intensive, contributing to increased costs and environmental pollution. Additionally, as the demand for better-quality pavements grows, so does the requirement for materials that offer superior performance in terms of durability, flexibility, and sustainability. Producing and transporting bitumen requires considerable energy, which drives up costs, especially in light of global energy price increases. The future of bituminous concrete may see increased adoption of sustainable materials and practices to balance performance, cost, and environmental impact.