Smart Thermal-Aware Battery Management System for Safe and Efficiency Operation of Batteries
Keywords:
Battery management system (BMS), Electric vehicles, Energy efficiency, Lithium-ion batteries, Long short-term memory (LSTM), Machine learning, PID control, Predictive modeling, Smart thermal-aware system, Temperature monitoring, Thermal runaway mitigationAbstract
The growing adoption of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles and advanced electronic systems has increased the need for reliable and thermally stable battery operation. Battery packs often experience uneven temperature distribution, faster ageing, and, in extreme cases, thermal runaway, which can negatively affect system performance and safety. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a Smart Thermal-Aware Battery Management System (ST-BMS) aimed at improving battery safety, maintaining temperature stability, and enhancing overall energy utilization. The proposed system employs voltage, current, and distributed temperature sensors to continuously monitor the operating conditions of the battery pack. The battery State of Charge (SOC) is estimated using the Coulomb Counting method, while a Constant Current–Constant Voltage (CC–CV) charging strategy is implemented to ensure safe and efficient charging. The controller continuously analyses the measured electrical and thermal parameters to detect abnormal operating conditions and support thermal-aware battery management. Simulation studies carried out in MATLAB/Simulink, followed by hardware implementation using an Arduino-based controller, demonstrate that the proposed ST-BMS effectively maintains battery operation within a safe temperature range, provides reliable SOC estimation, ensures stable charging performance, and improves overall battery safety and operational reliability. The developed system offers a practical and cost-effective solution for advanced lithium-ion battery management in electric vehicle and energy storage applications.
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