Microcontroller-based Solar Charging Battery Management System (BMS)
Keywords:
Battery management systems, Microcontroller-based monitoring, Real-time measurement, Solar energy, State of chargeAbstract
This paper describes a simplified solar-powered battery monitoring system designed to assess and control solar-charged batteries’ performance. In order to estimate critical performance indicators like Depth of Discharge (DOD), State of Charge (SOC), and state of health (SOH), the proposed system’s main goal is to provide real-time monitoring of important battery parameters such as voltage and current. In solar-powered applications, precise monitoring of such variables is necessary for maximizing battery utilization, enhancing battery life, and guaranteeing safe operation. The system is based on the Atmega328 microcontroller, which serves as the central processing unit for data collection and control. It is connected to reliable and affordable electrical current and voltage measurement devices to obtain accurate measurements in real-time. The collected data is processed and presented by an intuitive Graphical User Interface (GUI) written in the C programming language, which makes it easy for users to view battery status, performance trends, and energy flow. The system also has an automatic power cut-off feature to prevent overcharging, which improves the security and reliability of battery operation. One of the key benefits of the proposed system is its capacity to detect minute changes in the parameters of batteries caused by shifting solar conditions. This feature ensures more accurate tracking of the battery’s efficiency and enables proactive measures to improve energy control. The system can be adjusted to monitor multiple batteries and is suitable for a range of solar-powered applications, from small-scale residential setups to larger renewable energy installations. This monitoring solution's real-time insights into battery health and operational efficiency enable safer solar energy management, longer battery life, and better energy use.
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