Benign Prostate Hyperplasia: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenesis,Diagnosis and Management

Abstract

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are frequently caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a common non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland in older men.  The current study intends to analyze treatment approaches for efficient BPH management, evaluate dietary impacts, and emphasize the diagnostic use of urine.  Clinical diagnosis combines serum creatinine measurement to determine renal involvement and urinalysis to identify urine abnormalities.  Standardized instruments like the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) are used to measure the intensity of symptoms.  Research indicates that eating a diet high in fruits, vegetables, and foods high in omega-3 fatty acids may help reduce symptoms, while consuming too much sodium, caffeine, red meat, and alcohol may make them worse.  Although they need more scientific confirmation, natural supplements like saw palmetto and stinging nettle have some minor benefits. The cornerstone of management continues to be pharmacological treatment, which includes combination therapy, alpha-blockers, and five alpha-reductase inhibitors. In summary, personalized medication therapy combined with early diagnosis, bolstered by urinalysis, symptom measurement, and lifestyle changes, provides a multifaceted and successful strategy for managing BPH.