Journal of Advances in Pharmacy Practices (e-ISSN: 2582-4465)

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Face Scrub Utilizing Citrus Peel Waste

Fri, 07 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The increasing demand for eco-friendly and herbal cosmetic products has encouraged the exploration of natural resources and sustainable ingredients. Citrus peel by-products, rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, essential oils, and antioxidants, offer significant potential for cosmetic applications. The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a herbal face scrub utilizing citrus peel by-products as a natural exfoliating agent. Citrus peels were collected, dried, and processed into a fine powder, which was incorporated into the scrub formulation along with other herbal ingredients such as rice flour, flaxseed powder, and camphor powder. Rice flour acts as a mild exfoliant and helps in skin brightening, while flaxseed powder provides moisturizing and soothing effects due to its rich omega fatty acid content. Camphor powder contributes cooling, antimicrobial, and refreshing properties to the formulation. These ingredients collectively enhance the cleansing, exfoliating, and skin-nourishing effects of the scrub. The prepared formulation was evaluated for various physicochemical parameters including pH, viscosity, spreadability, consistency, and stability. Additionally, the scrub was assessed for its exfoliating efficiency, skin compatibility, and irritation potential.

CRISPR Genome Editing Technologies: From Cas9 Mechanism to Advanced Cas12/Cas13 Systems and Modern Delivery Strategies in Gene Therapy

Swathi G, Dinakaran P, Raseethahamed R, Thamizhinban P — Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Gene therapy, which modifies genetic material inside cells, has become increasingly important for treating and preventing genetic and non-genetic illnesses. Recent advances in genome editing technologies, including the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-associated system, have significantly improved the accuracy and efficiency of targeted gene modifications. This review discusses the development of gene therapy and the emerging clinical relevance of CRISPR-based genome editing technologies, with particular emphasis on CRISPR-Cas9 and newer CRISPR-associated systems, namely Cas12 and Cas13. A major part of CRISPR-Cas9 functioning is the guidance provided by RNA, which directs nucleases to specific DNA sequences and enables the breaking of both DNA strands. The resulting break can be repaired by correcting the defective gene, disrupting the gene, or inserting an entirely new gene copy into the genome. Compared with previous genome-editing methods, CRISPR is simpler, faster, more accurate, and less expensive, making it highly attractive for therapeutic applications. Its use in treating genetic disorders, cancer, viral infections, and developing precision medicine continues to expand. The study also highlights delivery approaches for CRISPR therapeutics, including viral vectors, lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and ribonucleoprotein complexes. Each strategy has specific advantages and limitations regarding safety, targeting ability, and clinical effectiveness. Recent developments in Cas12 and Cas13 systems have further broadened CRISPR applications by enabling improved DNA targeting and RNA editing without permanent genomic alterations. Although challenges such as off-target effects, immune responses, and delivery efficiency remain, continuous advances in genome editing and delivery technologies are rapidly moving CRISPR-based therapies toward clinical practice. Overall, CRISPR technology represents a major advancement in modern medicine and holds strong potential for developing safe, effective, and personalized therapeutic strategies.Although challenges such as off-target effects, immune responses, and delivery efficiency remain, continuous progress in genome editing and delivery technologies is rapidly advancing CRISPR-based therapies toward clinical practice. Overall, CRISPR technology represents a major advancement in modern medicine and holds strong potential for the future development of safe, effective, and personalized therapeutic strategies.Overall, CRISPR technology represents a major advancement in modern medicine and holds strong potential for the future development of safe, effective and personalized therapeutic strategies.

To Formulate 60 Laxative Suppositories Using Glucogelatin Base and Perform All Quality Tests

Riya Rana, Lalit Bisht — Wed, 29 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study developed glycerogelatin suppositories using only glycerin as the laxative, with no added drugs. Constipation is common, and rectal delivery helps patients who can’t take oral meds. Suppositories act fast, avoid part of first-pass metabolism, and suit kids and the elderly. The fusion method was used with gelatin, glycerin, and water. Glycerin worked as both plasticizer and osmotic laxative, drawing water into the rectum to soften stool. Tests for appearance, weight, hardness, softening time, disintegration, and stability showed uniform, stable suppositories. Glycerogelatin proved suitable, and glycerin alone gave an effective, low-cost option for constipation with good patient compliance. The results demonstrated that the suppositories were uniform and stable, with acceptable physical and performance characteristics. The study confirmed that glycerogelatin base is suitable for suppository formulation and that glycerine alone can effectively produce a laxative effect. Overall, the formulation provides a simple, economical, and effective approach for the management of constipation, with good patient compliance and therapeutic reliability.