Hypertension and Coronary Artery Disease: Interconnected Pathways and Evolving Management Strategies

Abstract

Hypertension and Coronary artery disease (CAD) are leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. This review explores the complex interplay between these conditions, emphasizing shared pathophysiological mechanisms such as hemodynamic stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation. We trace the historical evolution of their recognition and management, from the seminal Framingham Heart Study to modern precision medicine approaches. Current pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are discussed, integrating evidence-based guidelines and recent therapeutic advancements. By synthesizing historical insights and contemporary strategies, this article aims to guide clinicians in optimizing patient outcomes and highlight future directions in cardiovascular care.