Therapeutic and Diagnostic Approach of Hiatal Hernia

Abstract

Hiatus hernias occur when parts of the abdominal cavity, usually the stomach, herniate into the mediastinum through the oesophageal hiatus. The most prevalent kind, type I or sliding hiatus hernia, is linked to the stomach cardia herniating, and the phrenoesophageal membrane becomes slack. When a sliding hiatus hernia is more than 2 cm in axial span, it can be easily identified by barium swallow radiography, endoscopy, or manometry. However, endoscopy or radiography cannot reliably detect more minor disruptions due to the esophagogastric junction's movement. To improve knowledge and diagnosis of hiatal hernias, our paper reviews the large body of research on the condition.