Impact of Pain Management Education on Quality of Life among Elderly Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Disorders
Abstract
Chronic musculoskeletal disorders (CMDs) are among the most common and disabling health problems affecting older adults worldwide. Conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic back pain often persist for years, leading to continuous pain, reduced mobility, and dependency in daily activities. The pain experienced in CMDs is not merely physical; it often extends to emotional suffering, sleep disturbances, social withdrawal, and an overall decline in quality of life (QoL). For many elderly individuals, this constant discomfort can result in feelings of helplessness, frustration, and even depression. The inability to perform simple tasks independently, such as walking, dressing, or climbing stairs, gradually erodes self-esteem and social participation. Unfortunately, pain in older adults is frequently underreported or inadequately managed due to misconceptions that it is an inevitable part of aging or that elderly patients cannot tolerate strong analgesics.
Recognizing the importance of addressing pain comprehensively, the present study explored the impact of a structured nurse-led pain management education program on the quality of life of elderly patients living with chronic musculoskeletal disorders. Nurses play a pivotal role in geriatric care, not only in administering treatment but also in empowering patients through health education, counselling, and holistic interventions. In this study, a quasi-experimental design was adopted, utilizing pre- and post-intervention assessments to measure changes in both pain levels and quality of life. The tools used included the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), which evaluates the intensity and impact of pain on daily functioning, and the WHOQOL-BREF scale, which assesses various domains of quality of life such as physical health, psychological well-being, social relationships, and environmental satisfaction.
The educational intervention consisted of structured sessions focusing on pain awareness, correct use of medications, relaxation and breathing exercises, light physical activity, posture correction, and lifestyle modifications. Elderly participants were also encouraged to adopt simple self-care strategies and practice daily exercises to maintain flexibility and strength. Over time, these sessions fostered greater self-efficacy and a more positive attitude toward managing chronic pain. The findings revealed a remarkable decrease in pain intensity scores following the intervention, indicating that participants gained better control over their pain symptoms. In addition, significant improvements were observed in the physical and psychological domains of the WHOQOL-BREF, reflecting enhanced mobility, better sleep, improved mood, and increased social interaction.
These outcomes clearly suggest that pain management education is a powerful nursing intervention capable of transforming the lives of elderly individuals suffering from chronic musculoskeletal conditions. By increasing awareness, promoting self-care, and reinforcing healthy coping behaviors, nurses can help older adults experience a renewed sense of independence and dignity. Beyond reducing pain, such programs strengthen the bond between patients and caregivers, creating a supportive environment conducive to holistic healing. Ultimately, this study underscores that pain in old age is not inevitable and can be effectively managed through education, empathy, and empowerment. Nurse-led interventions thus hold immense potential in improving not only the physical comfort but also the emotional and social well-being of older adults living with chronic pain.
