Sociological Theories of Ageing and Their Influence on the Quality of Life of the Elderly

Abstract

Longevity of the elderly has increased in recent years and subsequently, it has raised concern for improving the quality of life of the ageing population. Better quality of life is dependent on various factors like diet intake, dietary habits, daily regimen, social relationships, socioeconomic status, positive environment, education level, physical activity, etc. All the factors are important in their own regard but this paper finds out how social environment is a determining factor in enhancing or deteriorating the quality of life of the older generation. The purpose of this review paper is to understand the sociological matrix of the ageing population in the light of various sociological theories of ageing as well as to understand how they impact their quality of life. Four major sociological theories of ageing- activity theory, disengagement theory, subcultural theory and continuity theory have been evaluated in this paper. This paper thus throws light on the changes that take place in the functioning and daily living activities of the old age population as they transition from young to old and also deliberates upon the role of the theories of ageing in their smooth transition and facing adjustment challenges. Relevant research papers such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science have been evaluated to assess the relationship between the social matrix and the quality of life of the ageing population. Some important factors like social relationships, friendship and freedom from social responsibilities have been identified which affect their quality of life. It can be concluded from these theories that there exists a positive and direct relationship between the sociological well-being of an individual and his quality of life. A constructive social environment is significantly related to a positive quality of life, enhanced health and worthy nutritional well-being.