Nurse-Led Interventions for Hypertension Control: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is one of the most significant global public health challenges and remains a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, stroke, renal impairment, and premature mortality. Approximately 1.28 billion adults aged 30–79 years worldwide have hypertension, and nearly 46% are unaware of their condition, while only about 21% achieve adequate blood pressure control¹. Hypertension contributes to approximately 10 million deaths annually, mainly through cardiovascular and renal complications. Despite effective pharmacological therapies, achieving adequate blood pressure control remains difficult due to poor medication adherence, insufficient lifestyle modification, limited healthcare access, and inadequate long-term monitoring. Nurses, as key members of healthcare teams, have expanded their roles in chronic disease management through patient education, lifestyle counselling, blood pressure monitoring, adherence support, and digital health interventions.

Objective: The objective of this narrative review is to summarize and evaluate the current evidence on nurse-led interventions for hypertension control, including their effectiveness, key components, challenges, and implications for nursing practice. The review aims to highlight the role of nurses in improving blood pressure management through patient education, lifestyle modification, medication adherence support, blood pressure monitoring, telehealth services, and community-based care.

Methods: A narrative review approach was adopted. Relevant literature was identified from databases including PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Google Scholar using keywords such as hypertension, nurse-led intervention, blood pressure control, nursing management, and chronic disease management. Recent systematic reviews, clinical trials, and international guidelines were considered.

Conclusion: Evidence indicates that nurse-led interventions significantly improve blood pressure control, medication adherence, patient knowledge, and self-management behaviors. Nurse-led models incorporating structured education, regular follow-up, home monitoring, and digital health approaches represent effective strategies for improving hypertension outcomes.