The Role of Male Involvement in Family Planning and Contraceptive Use in Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Male engagement in family planning plays a crucial role in the effective adoption and continued use of contraceptive methods. However, various socio-cultural, religious, and informational barriers frequently limit male participation in reproductive health decisions. This study explores the level of male involvement in family planning and contraceptive use in Southeast Nigeria, highlighting the key factors that influence their participation. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in both urban and rural areas across three randomly chosen states in Southeast Nigeria. A total of 405 men, aged 18 to 60 years, were selected through a multistage sampling approach. Data collection methods included structured questionnaires, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and in-depth interviews (IDIs). Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, incorporating descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analysis. Meanwhile, qualitative data underwent thematic analysis with the aid of NVivo software. Results: The study revealed that 93.3% of participants were aware of family planning, with healthcare professionals (35.1%) and media (31.1%) being the primary sources of information. About 77.8% of men supported family planning, and 86.2% believed they should be involved in contraceptive decision-making. However, cultural beliefs (44.0%), religious restrictions (31.9%), and lack of adequate knowledge (24.2%) were identified as major barriers to male involvement. Statistical analyses showed a significant association between educational level, employment status, awareness, and male participation (p < 0.001). Qualitative findings highlighted societal norms, misinformation, and religious doctrines as key influencers of male involvement. Conclusion: Despite high awareness, male involvement in family planning remains limited due to cultural, religious, and knowledge-related barriers. Community-based sensitization programs and targeted male-centered reproductive health services are recommended to enhance participation and reduce misconceptions surrounding family planning.