Comprehensive Review on Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

Abstract

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based cognitive-behavioral treatment developed by Dr. Marsha M. Linehan to address borderline personality disorder (BPD) and chronic suicidality. DBT combines cognitive-behavioral techniques with mindfulness, acceptance, and dialectics to balance change-oriented strategies with acceptance-based approaches. The therapy focuses on four key components: mindfulness, emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal effectiveness. Delivered through individual therapy, skills training groups, phone coaching, and consultation teams, DBT has demonstrated efficacy in reducing suicidality, self-harm, and emotional dysregulation. Its applications extend to substance use disorders, eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression. While DBT is resource-intensive, ongoing adaptations, including telehealth and digital tools, enhance accessibility and effectiveness. This review explores the principles, structure, applications, and evidence supporting DBT, highlighting its role as a cornerstone in modern psychotherapy.