Empirical Assessment of Knowledge on Injection Safety Among Nursing Students in Tertiary Health Institutions: Implications for Infection Prevention and Patient Safety

Abstract

Injections are the most common healthcare procedure worldwide, yet unsafe practices pose significant risks to both patients and healthcare providers. Grounded in Pender’s Health Promotion Model, this study empirically assessed the knowledge of injection safety among nursing students. The aim was to determine the level of knowledge and its implications for infection prevention and patient safety. A descriptive survey design was employed. A convenience sample of 160 intermediate and senior nursing students (56.25% in Year 2; 43.75% in Year 3) from the College of Nursing Sciences, Bishop Shanahan Specialist Hospital, Nsukka, Nigeria, participated. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency tables, percentages, and graphical representations. The results revealed that all respondents (100%) had heard of injection safety, 68.75% correctly defined injection safety according to holistic WHO standards protecting the recipient, provider, and community, and 87.5% understood the risks of blood-borne virus transmission, specifically HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. This demonstrates good overall knowledge levels. Applications include strengthening clinical education curricula, implementing high-fidelity simulation-based training programs, conducting sharps management audits, and reinforcing the link between theoretical knowledge and practical bedside application to enhance infection prevention and patient safety outcomes.