Treatment of Sewage Water using Plant Species in Hybrid Constructed Wetland

https://doi.org/10.46610/JoWRPS.2026.v011i02.004

Abstract

Many rural communities lack centralized wastewater collection and treatment facilities due to low population densities, mountainous topography or a lack of financial resources. This paper attempts to find an attractive solution for wastewater treatment in geographically remote areas with low energy consumption. In this system, three vertical flow hybrid constructed wetlands were employed for the treatment of wastewater, including domestic wastewater, agricultural wastewater, and industrial wastewater. The wetlands were planted with Canna indica, Typha latifolia and Scirpus validus for bioremediation. These plants have long rhizomes and tolerate rich nutrients. The growing medium consists of coir, gravel, and sand. The biophysical environment of this system functions synergistically in transporting air from the atmosphere to the roots and diffusing into the liquid substrate. The influent and effluent wastewaters from each wetland were sampled. The studies were conducted to assess the water quality parameters and evaluate the effectiveness of those three plant species in wastewater treatment. This analysis proved that it might be an assured eco-friendly technology for wastewater treatment in the local environment.