A Case Study of the Impact of Madina Medical Hospital on the Water Quality of the Tigris River: A Review

Abstract

The Tigris River is the only source of drinking water in Baghdad and its suburbs, so there are many water treatment plants on its banks. Tigris River is polluted with pollutant inputs from sources like industrial effluents, domestic sewage, and agricultural practices, and, therefore, many indices were applied to estimate the quality of water in Baghdad to convert the physical and chemical qualities of water into one general value of the whole state of the river. The problem is to know the impact of sewage sources from the Medical City Hospital in Baghdad on fresh surface water in the Tigris River directly and at any specific distance. The tests required to determine water quality for: temperature (T), electrical conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), acidity (pH), chloride (Cl^-), sulfate (SO₄), phosphate (PO₄), and dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), heavy metals Fe (Iron), Cu (Cu), Mn (Manganese), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), and Cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr). Predicting distribution for pollutant concentrations in a river is important for selecting the location of water inlets for various uses such as agricultural, industrial, and sanitary waters, and predicting pollutant transport provides valuable information for river quality management.