Design and Optimization of THz Antennas for High Data Rate Transmission

Abstract

Terahertz (THz) wireless communication, operating within the 0.1–10 THz range, represents a transformative technology poised to deliver exceptionally high data rates. With its ability to provide extensive bandwidth up to 100 GHz and achieve data rates of up to 1 Tbps, THz communication is a leading candidate for 6G systems. As 6G aims to surpass the capabilities of 5G, it seeks to offer unprecedented speed, reliability, connectivity, and minimal latency. To meet these demands, 6G requires advanced high-gain and MIMO antenna arrays to mitigate the challenges posed by atmospheric attenuation at these frequencies. This review delves into the use of planar THz antennas, widely adopted for imaging, sensing, and the Internet of Things (IoT) applications, examining their design and performance in the context of emerging THz communication technologies. Terahertz (THz) communication represents a promising frontier for achieving ultra-high data rates in wireless systems, with potential applications spanning from 6G networks to advanced imaging and sensing technologies. The efficient design and optimization of THz antennas are crucial to leveraging the high-frequency capabilities of THz waves for data transmission. This review explores recent advancements in THz antenna design, highlighting critical approaches, challenges, and optimization techniques. We discuss antenna types, including planar, slot, and metamaterial-based antennas, and their suitability for high data rate transmission. Emphasis is placed on design parameters, performance metrics, and emerging technologies that enhance antenna efficiency and bandwidth.