Repairing Concrete Cracks Using Bio-Influenced Self-Healing Techniques

https://doi.org/10.46610/JoRAAS.2026.v011i02.002

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the crack-healing efficiency of bioconcrete by incorporating microorganisms and suitable nutrient precursors into the concrete matrix, to improve structural durability, reduce permeability, and extend the service life of concrete. When cracks form and water enters, dormant microorganisms activate, producing minerals that seal the fissures, enhancing concrete strength and longevity. An experimental program tested self-healing under various conditions, using methods like integrating bacteria into the mix, immobilizing them in lightweight aggregates, and combining with graphite nanoplatelets. Calcium lactate replaced about 5% of cement as a precursor. Specimens were cracked at intervals (3, 7, 14, and 28 days) to assess healing effectiveness. Results showed that bacteria in graphite nanoplatelets were more effective after 3 and 7 days, while lightweight aggregates excelled at 14 and 28 days, significantly improving compressive strength in the latter configuration. Furthermore, the bacterial self-healing mechanism effectively reduced crack width and water permeability, thereby enhancing the durability and service life of the concrete. The study concluded that the use of bacteria with suitable carrier materials offers a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to conventional concrete repair techniques while minimizing long-term maintenance costs.