Reducing Resonance Effects of Structures by Using Bearings: A Review

Abstract

Resonance is one of the most critical dynamic challenges in structural engineering, as it can amplify vibrations and lead to catastrophic failures in buildings, bridges, and rotating machinery. Bearings, widely used as vibration isolation and damping devices, offer effective solutions for reducing resonance effects by altering stiffness, controlling damping, or actively adjusting structural responses. This study investigates different types of bearings including elastomeric bearings, lead-rubber bearings (LRB), high-damping rubber bearings (HDRB), sliding bearings, and active bearings and their role in mitigating resonance in structural systems. Applications in high-rise buildings, bridges, and mechanical systems are discussed, highlighting how bearings shift natural frequencies, dissipate seismic and operational energy, and provide long-term vibration control. The study concludes that the integration of advanced bearing technologies, especially hybrid and smart systems, provides sustainable and efficient methods for improving structural resilience against resonance effects.