Smart Lighting Control System Based on Occupancy Detection: A Low-Cost Arduino-Based Approach for Residential Automation

Abstract

The design and implementation of an automatic room light controller for home automation is presented in this paper, with an emphasis on improving user convenience and lowering energy consumption.  By tracking entry and exit events, the system detects the presence of humans using either a pair of Infrared (IR) sensors or a Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor.  An Arduino microcontroller, which acts as the central processing unit for deciphering sensor data and carrying out control logic, is interfaced with these sensors.  Using a relay driver circuit, room light switching is controlled by the occupancy status in real time. The system's primary feature makes sure that lights are automatically turned on when someone enters a room and off when it is empty.  This reduces electricity waste and encourages energy-efficient behavior by doing away with the need for manual switching.  Because of its modular and scalable design, the system can be integrated into larger Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems and smart home networks. Relay-based actuation, occupancy tracking microcontroller programming, and thoughtful sensor placement are all part of the methodology. The Arduino is configured to keep track of the number of people inside and adjust the lighting appropriately.  Additionally, the system has fail-safe mechanisms and debouncing logic to guarantee dependable operation in a variety of environmental circumstances. The system's quick response time, reliable operation, and consistent performance were demonstrated during experimental validation in a residential setting.  The outcomes show a notable decrease in wasteful energy use, demonstrating the system's practicality and effectiveness.  It is also appropriate for both home and office settings due to its low component costs and simplicity of implementation. To sum up, the Automatic Room Light Controller provides a useful and effective way to control lighting intelligently.  It is positioned as a significant addition to sustainable home automation technologies due to its versatility, affordability, and potential for intelligent integration.