Automatic Solar Panel Cleaning System

Abstract

The worldwide transition to renewable energy has established solar power as an essential element of sustainable development. Nonetheless, the accumulation of dust on photovoltaic panels poses a significant obstacle, potentially diminishing energy output by as much as 50% in dry regions. This project introduces an innovative automatic solar panel cleaning system that effectively tackles this vital maintenance challenge through Arduino-based automation. The system employs mechanical brushing combined with controlled water spraying to ensure optimal panel efficiency with minimal human involvement. Our prototype features servo motors for brush movement, a diaphragm water pump to dislodge dust, and limit switches to ensure operational safety. The Arduino microcontroller coordinates these components to execute cleaning cycles that can be scheduled or triggered by sensors. Field tests revealed a 25–40% increase in energy output following cleaning, utilizing only 200ml of water per cycle substantially less than traditional manual methods. The system’s affordability (under ₹5,000 per unit) and scalability render it appropriate for both residential setups and large-scale solar farms. This project advances sustainable energy objectives by preserving optimal solar panel performance, minimizing water usage, and eliminating the risks associated with manual cleaning. Future developments may incorporate IoT capabilities for remote monitoring and AI-driven cleaning schedules. The successful deployment of this system supports India’s renewable energy ambitions while providing a practical solution to one of the most enduring operational challenges in solar energy.