Control of BLDC Motor by Using STM8 for an Electrical Vehicle

Abstract

The increasing demand for efficient and eco-friendly transportation has accelerated the development of electric vehicles (EVs). In EV applications, the Brushless DC (BLDC) motor is widely preferred due to its high efficiency, compact size, low maintenance, and superior speed–torque characteristics. This project presents the design and implementation of a BLDC motor control system using the STMicroelectronics STM8 microcontroller for electric vehicle applications. The proposed system utilizes the STM8 microcontroller to generate precise switching signals for the motor driver circuit, enabling effective commutation and speed control of the BLDC motor. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques are employed to regulate motor speed, while Hall-effect sensor feedback is used for rotor position detection and smooth motor operation. The controller continuously monitors the motor parameters and adjusts the switching sequence to achieve efficient performance with reduced power loss. The project aims to provide a low-cost, reliable, and energy-efficient motor control solution suitable for small and medium electric vehicles. The implemented system offers advantages such as improved efficiency, better dynamic response, reduced maintenance, and enhanced battery utilization compared to conventional DC motor drives. Experimental results demonstrate stable motor operation, accurate speed control, and effective performance under varying load conditions. This project highlights the suitability of STM8-based BLDC motor control systems for modern electric vehicle applications and contributes toward the advancement of efficient and sustainable transportation technologies.