Nanotechnology in Refrigeration Systems: A Critical Review of Nanoparticle-Infused Refrigerants and Their Impact on Heat Transfer Efficiency and Energy Consumption

Abstract

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative force in the realm of refrigeration systems, offering the potential to significantly enhance heat transfer efficiency and reduce energy consumption. This critical review synthesizes the current body of knowledge surrounding the incorporation of nanoparticles into refrigerants, exploring their impact on various aspects of system performance. The introduction outlines the motivation for seeking alternative solutions in refrigeration, framing the discussion within the context of the limitations of traditional systems. The subsequent sections delve into the types of nanoparticles commonly used, examining both metallic and non-metallic variants, and elucidate the criteria governing their selection.

A detailed analysis of the mechanisms through which nanoparticles augment heat transfer efficiency forms the core of this review, encompassing improvements in thermal conductivity, Alterations in phase-change characteristics, and overall enhancements in heat exchange processes. Drawing from a comprehensive literature review, the paper assesses experimental studies and case analyses that have investigated the practical implications of nanoparticle-infused refrigerants, shedding light on system performance and energy efficiency. Furthermore, scrutiny of computational models and simulations employed to predict system behaviour provides insights into the reliability of various modeling approaches. Acknowledging challenges related to stability, safety, and scalability, this review identifies potential pathways for future research, emphasizing the need for innovative solutions. Environmental considerations associated with nanoparticle-infused refrigerants, including their sustainability and compliance with regulations, are also explored. In conclusion, this critical review synthesizes existing knowledge, providing a foundation for future advancements in the integration of nanotechnology within refrigeration systems, thereby contributing to the ongoing pursuit of sustainable and energy-efficient cooling technologies.