Green Hydrogen as an Alternative Renewable Energy towards attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A Review
Keywords:
Fossil fuels, Greenhouse Gases (GHG), Natural gas, Net zero, Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)Abstract
Hydrogen can be produced from fossil fuels, like natural gas, and renewable energy sources. But green hydrogen from renewable energies like solar and wind is emerging as a key player in the energy transition towards achieving global SDGs. The study analyses the recent advancements in green hydrogen production technologies, while evaluating green hydrogen against hydrogen from fossil fuels and natural gas. Even though green hydrogen is more advantageous than hydrogen from other methods, green hydrogen has to face challenges in terms of high costs in production, processes, and infrastructure for storage, along with transportation. Global investments and policy initiatives are factors influencing a reduction in the cost of production to below $2/kg by 2030. Europe, Asia, and Australia are taking the initiative to support large-scale green hydrogen production, with enhanced electrolyser capacity. They are also trying to integrate green hydrogen into industrial, transportation, and power generation sectors to meet the energy crisis due to developmental activities. The advancements in electrolyser efficiency, material innovations, and renewable energy integration are expected to achieve commercial viability of green hydrogen. This review article elaborates key strategies, policy frameworks, and technological improvements for green hydrogen adoption, as it is a crucial component for carbon neutrality and energy security to accomplish the SDGs mission.
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