Agriculture Robot with Soil Moisture Measurement
Keywords:
Agricultural robot, ESP32, Mobile control, Seed sowing, Smart farming, Soil moisture sensorAbstract
Agricultural activities in many regions still depend largely on manual efforts, resulting in increased workload, longer operation time, and higher production expenses. To address these challenges, this study presents the development of a mobile-controlled multipurpose agricultural robot. The system is engineered to perform key farming tasks such as soil digging, seed placement, land leveling, manual water spraying, and soil moisture measurement, thereby improving efficiency and reducing human intervention. The system is controlled using an ESP32 microcontroller and is powered by a 12 V, 7 Ah rechargeable battery. DC motors here are used for the motion of the robot, while servo motors operate the digging and seed-sowing mechanisms. Water spraying is performed using a pump that is controlled through a relay circuit, and soil moisture is monitored using a dedicated sensor that provides real-time data. The robot is operated wirelessly through a smartphone-based interface. Experimental evaluation shows that the developed prototype is suitable for small-scale agricultural applications, reduces manual effort, and provides a low-cost solution for farmers.
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