Low Power Application-based Flip-Flop for Static High Frequency for Hybrid Topology
Keywords:
18t topology, Flip-Flop, Low power design, Power efficient, power delay product (PDP).Abstract
Flip-Flops (FFs) are fundamental storage components that are widely employed in digital system designs that include several FF-rich modules, including register files, shift registers, and FIFOs, as well as intensive pipelining techniques. The FFs are utilised in typical digital system architecture and the power consumption of clock distribution networks. In order to achieve ultralow power consumption, this project suggests a true single-phase clocking FF circuit with just 19 transistors. The design has a hybrid logic architecture that integrates static-CMOS logic with complementary pass-transistor logic, and it adheres to a master-slave logic structure. In order to attain optimal power and delay performance, fewer transistors are used in the design through the use of a logic structure reduction approach. In order to prevent leakage power consumption, during operation, no internal nodes are left floating, despite the circuit's simplicity. To improve time performance, this design makes use of a virtual VDD design technique, which enables a quicker state shift in the slave latch. Transistor sizes are optimised in circuit implementation based on the power delay product (PDP).
References
H. Kawaguchi and T. Sakurai, “A reduced clock-swing flip-flop (RCSFF) for 63% power reduction,” in IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 807–811, May 1998.
V. G. Oklobdzija, V. M. Stojanovic, D. M. Markovic, and N. M. Nedovic, Digital System Clocking: High-Performance and Low-Power Aspects. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2003.
M. Matsui et al., “A 200 MHz 13 mm/sup 2/ 2-D DCT macrocell using sense-amplifying pipeline flip-flop scheme,” in IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 1482–1490, Dec. 1994.
B. Nikolic, V. G. Oklobdzija, V. Stojanovic, Wenyan Jia, James Kar-Shing Chiu and M. Ming-Tak Leung, “Improved sense-amplifier-based flip-flop: design and measurements,” in IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 876–884, June 2000.
V. Stojanovic and V. G. Oklobdzija, “Comparative analysis of masterslave latches and flip-flops for high-performance and low-power systems,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 536–548, Apr. 1999.
H. Partovi, R. Burd, U. Salim, F. Weber, L. DiGregorio and D. Draper, “Flow-through latch and edge-triggered flip-flop hybrid elements,” 1996 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers, ISSCC, San Francisco, CA, USA, 1996, pp. 138–139.
F. Klass et al., “A new family of semidynamic and dynamic flip-flops with embedded logic for high-performance processors,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 712–716, May 1999.
J. Tschanz, S. Narendra, Z. Chen, S. Borkar, M. Sachdev, and V. De,“Comparative delay and energy of single edge-triggered and dual edge triggered pulsed flip-flops for high-performance microprocessors,” in Proceedings of the 2001 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, 2001, pp. 147–152.
B.-S. Kong, S.-S.Kim, and Y.-H. Jun, “Conditional-capture flip-flop for statistical power reduction,” in IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 1263–1271, Aug. 2001.
P. Zhao, T. K. Darwish and M. A. Bayoumi, “High-performance and low-power conditional discharge flip-flop,” in IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 477-484, May 2004.
N. Kawai et al. “A fully static topologically-compressed 21-transistor flip-flop with 75% power saving,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 49, no. 11, pp. 2526–2533, Nov. 2014.
N. Nedovic and V. G. Oklobdzija, “Hybrid latch flip-flop with improved power efficiency,” in Proceedings 13th Symposium on Integrated Circuits Systems Design, Manaus, Brazil, 2000, pp. 211–215.
J.-F. Lin, M.-H. Sheu, Y.-T. Hwang, C.-S. Wong, and M.-Y. Tsai, “Low-power 19-transistor true single-phase clocking flip-flop design based on logic structure reduction schemes,” in IEEE Transactions on Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 3033–3044, Nov. 2017.
E. Consoli, G. Palumbo, and M. Pennisi, “Reconsidering high-speed design criteria for transmission-gate-based master–slave flip-flops,” IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) System, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 284–295, Feb. 2012.
Y. Cai, A. Savanth, P. Prabhat, J. Myers, A. S. Weddell, and T. J. Kazmierski, “Ultra-low power 18-transistor fully static contention-free single-phase clocked flip-flop in 65-nm CMOS,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 550–559, Feb. 2019.