Automated Water Distribution Management and Leakage Mitigation Using PLC Systems

Abstract

This study investigates the implementation of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) in automated urban water distribution systems, focusing on their role in leakage mitigation and operational efficiency. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach with experimental and observational data from SCADA-integrated field studies, the research demonstrates that PLC adoption reduces leakage rates by an average of 25%, with locations implementing comprehensive PLC frameworks achieving reductions of up to 40%. These improvements are attributed to enhanced real-time monitoring, automated control, and rapid leak response facilitated by PLC systems, underscoring their effectiveness compared to traditional water management approaches. The study also highlights the potential integration of IoT sensors and AI-driven analytics with PLC systems to further advance smart water distribution management. Contextual factors, including infrastructure variability and regulatory environments, are identified as influential in determining PLC effectiveness, indicating the need for adaptive strategies in diverse urban settings. The findings advocate for municipalities to consider PLC-based automation in water management not only to optimize resource allocation and reduce operational costs, but also to strengthen sustainability and resilience in urban water supply chains.