Journal of Control and Instrumentation Engineering

Automated Water Distribution Management and Leakage Mitigation Using PLC Systems

Vaibhav Godase, Altaf Mulani, Rahul Ghodake, Swapnil Takale — Sat, 30 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the implementation of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) in automated urban water distribution systems, focusing on their role in leakage mitigation and operational efficiency. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach with experimental and observational data from SCADA-integrated field studies, the research demonstrates that PLC adoption reduces leakage rates by an average of 25%, with locations implementing comprehensive PLC frameworks achieving reductions of up to 40%. These improvements are attributed to enhanced real-time monitoring, automated control, and rapid leak response facilitated by PLC systems, underscoring their effectiveness compared to traditional water management approaches. The study also highlights the potential integration of IoT sensors and AI-driven analytics with PLC systems to further advance smart water distribution management. Contextual factors, including infrastructure variability and regulatory environments, are identified as influential in determining PLC effectiveness, indicating the need for adaptive strategies in diverse urban settings. The findings advocate for municipalities to consider PLC-based automation in water management not only to optimize resource allocation and reduce operational costs, but also to strengthen sustainability and resilience in urban water supply chains.

IoT-Enabled Multilingual School Announcement System with Remote and Automated Scheduling

Sat, 30 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In modern educational environments, effective communication is essential for maintaining discipline, ensuring the timely dissemination of information, and managing daily operations. Traditional public announcement systems often depend on manual processes, making them prone to delays, errors, and inconsistencies. To overcome these limitations, this project presents a smart, IoT-enabled school announcement system that delivers accurate, timely, and multilingual messages. The system consists of two key components: a local automated announcer and a web-based remote announcement platform. The automated module references a preloaded timetable to broadcast scheduled announcements in English and Kannada using text-to-speech (TTS) technology. It operates autonomously by matching real-time system clocks to scheduled slots, ensuring consistent and reliable delivery of routine messages such as class periods, prayer times, and assemblies. The remote module provides a web interface that allows teachers or administrators to make announcements from any location. It supports both text-to-speech conversion using Google TTS and live audio streaming. A class-wise targeting feature ensures that announcements are sent only to relevant recipients, enhancing privacy and contextual relevance. By integrating IoT automation, multilingual TTS, and remote accessibility, the proposed system offers a scalable and efficient communication solution for schools. It minimizes human dependency, improves flexibility for emergency notifications, and marks a significant step toward smart campus infrastructure and digital transformation in educational administration.

Hydrogen-Based Fuel System for Eco-Friendly Car Applications

Ashvin Madanlal Maheshwari, Shabbir Qutbuddin Gangardiwala — Mon, 15 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Hydrogen-powered vehicles represent a compelling and environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles and conventional Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). This paper presents the design and development of an on-demand chemical hydrogen generation system tailored to low-cost, real-world automotive applications in India. The system utilizes a reaction between aluminum, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and water to produce hydrogen, governed by a microcontroller-based thermal regulation mechanism that dynamically adjusts the reaction rate based on vehicle speed. An Arduino-based embedded control unit integrates sensors (NTC thermistor and IR speed sensor) and a PID loop to maintain optimal temperature profiles. The design also incorporates a modular waste management subsystem for the byproduct, sodium aluminate. Comparative analysis against petrol and electric vehicles demonstrates advantages in refill speed and infrastructure simplicity. The paper analyzes feasibility, limitations, and prospects for scaling. This innovative approach highlights a low-pressure, cartridge-based hydrogen fuel strategy with significant implications for sustainable transport in infrastructure-constrained regions.