Advancing Nanocarrier-Based Drug Delivery: Precision

Abstract

Nanocarrier‐based drug delivery systems have emerged as a transformative approach in modern therapeutics by enabling precise, site‐specific drug release, enhanced bioavailability, and improved stability of therapeutic agents. These nanoscale platforms overcome many limitations of conventional formulations, including poor aqueous solubility, rapid clearance, and off‐target toxicity. In this review, we provide a comprehensive examination of various nanocarrier platforms including lipid‐based carriers, polymeric vehicles, dendrimers, inorganic nanoparticles, and hybrid assemblies. We discuss each system's fundamental properties that permit effective drug protection, controlled release kinetics, and targeted delivery. Additionally, three principal targeting strategies passive, active, and stimuli‐responsive are evaluated alongside key pharmacokinetic and biodistribution parameters. Recent innovations, such as artificial intelligence-assisted design, CRISPR-based delivery systems, and personalized nanomedicine, are explored. Challenges related to biocompatibility, manufacturing complexities, immune clearance, and regulatory hurdles are also addressed. Finally, we propose future directions that, through interdisciplinary collaboration, will advance nanocarrier‐based systems toward next‐generation precision therapeutics with improved patient outcomes and minimize adverse effects.