CAR T Cell Treatment: A Blessing for Cancer Patients

https://doi.org/10.46610/JPRD.2024.v06i02.002

Abstract

Recently, cancer has been identified as the leading cause of death worldwide. Commercially available cytotoxic immunotherapies and other conventional therapeutics have been developed and made accessible to the general population. Immuno-cell therapy is an innovative therapeutic approach that has dramatically transformed the field of cancer treatment. This specific immunotherapy modality utilizes viable immune cells as therapeutic agents to combat cancer. In contrast to traditional medications, cell treatments are classified as "living drugs" and need personalized medicine and sophisticated production methods. A novel therapeutic T cell engineering technique known as "chimeric antigen receptor" T cell therapy involves modifying T cells obtained from various individuals in a laboratory setting to produce synthetic receptors targeting a cancer antigen. Directly detecting the tumor antigen does not rely on the primary histocompatibility complex. Recent studies have shown that this drug may reduce remission rates for hematologic malignancies by as much as 80%. The therapy has demonstrated notable efficacy in treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphomas characterized by giant B cells in the B cell line. Although recombinant antigen receptors (CAR)-T cell treatments have captured the industry's attention for treating hematological malignancies, their limited effectiveness in solid tumors has led to the creation of alternative immune cell-based therapies. Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy using cells are medical interventions that specifically target and eradicate cancer cells by utilizing the body's defensive mechanisms.