Journal of Pharmacological Research and Developments (e-ISSN: 2582-0117)

Nutraceutical and Therapeutic Potential of Adulsa – A Dual Role in Healthcare

Jainab Shaikh, Poonam Chougule, Chandra Prabhu Jangme — Sat, 31 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Adulsa (Adhatodavasica), a medicinal plant traditionally valued in Ayurvedic and other herbal medicine systems, has attracted a lot of interest. The phytochemical components of Adulsa that contribute to its many health advantages are highlighted in this article, having flavonoids, essential oils, and alkaloids like vasicine and vasicinone. The strong pharmacological properties of the plant include hepatoprotective, bronchodilator, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. It is a good option for treating infections, respiratory conditions, and diseases linked to oxidative stress because of its nutraceutical qualities. The study highlights the importance of Adulsa-based nutraceuticals in preventive and supplementary healthcare by examining recent developments in their formulation and delivery. Since ancient times, adhatoda has been used for the treatment of respiratory disorders, asthma, and chronic bronchitis. It is popular for its expectorant and antispasmodic benefits. And People in India have been using this herb in traditional medicine like Unani and Ayurveda for over 2,000 years. Adulsa also has properties that fight bacteria and viruses, making it useful in boosting the immune system and fighting infections. It contains natural chemicals that help protect the body and improve overall health. Because of these benefits, Adulsa plays an important role in traditional medicine as a safe and natural option to promote healing and keep the body strong.

Climate Change and the Expanding Burden of Vector-Borne Diseases: Global and Indian Perspectives

Satish Kumar Sarankar, Sushma Somkuwar — Tue, 17 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are among the most serious and fast-changing threats to global public health, responsible for over 17% of infectious diseases worldwide and more than 700,000 deaths each year. In recent decades, climate change has become a key factor shaping the geographic range, transmission patterns, and severity of VBDs. Increasing temperatures, shifting rainfall, higher humidity, extreme weather, unplanned urban growth, land-use changes, and greater human movement together influence vector survival and reproduction, habitat availability, biting activity, pathogen development, and the frequency of human–vector interactions. Climate change has driven the resurgence and geographic expansion of major VBDs such as dengue, malaria, and chikungunya, increasing their frequency and unpredictability. Warming has also enabled vectors like Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes, ticks, and sandflies to spread into new regions, exposing previously unaffected populations. Altered transmission seasons and increased vector competence further intensify disease burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries with limited adaptive capacity and infrastructure. India represents a major hotspot due to its diverse climates, rapid urbanization, socio-economic disparities, and large vulnerable population. Rising dengue incidence, periodic malaria resurgence, and persistent VBD transmission are strongly linked to climate variability. Urban heat islands, monsoon variability, water storage practices, and land-use changes further amplify transmission risks. This review critically integrates existing evidence on the mechanistic connections between climate change and vector-borne diseases, emphasizing global trends and India-specific epidemiological patterns, particularly for dengue and malaria. It also examines future outlooks, pinpoints major research gaps, and outlines priority interventions. The review underscores the urgent need for climate-informed surveillance, predictive modeling, integrated vector control, stronger health systems, advances in vaccine and antiviral development, and community-led prevention approaches.

Oral Morphine Conversion from Intravenous Therapy: Clinical Implications and Personalized Dosing Strategies

Wed, 11 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Morphine remains the cornerstone opioid medication used to treat patients who experience moderate to severe pain during their acute medical treatment, their cancer treatments, and their palliative care. Medical professionals use Intravenous (IV) administration to deliver immediate pain relief, but they must switch patients to oral medication for their ongoing treatment because it helps patients move better, decreases healthcare expenses, and enhances their overall well-being. The review assesses how pharmacokinetic principles, dose equivalence methods, and safety factors affect the process of converting morphine from intravenous to oral use. The researchers performed a structured literature review, which accessed three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, to gather information from 2010 to 2025. The researchers selected studies that included clinical trials and observational studies and international guidelines that examined how adults convert from IV-to-oral morphine. Evidence supports a standard IV-to-oral conversion ratio of 1:3, which shows that patients absorb 30 to 40 percent of the drug through oral administration. The conversion process needs calculation of the complete 24-hour intravenous dosage, which gets multiplied by three before being divided into the scheduled oral dosages, together with the additional breakthrough dosages, which make up 10 to 15 percent of the overall daily amount. The need for dose adjustments arises from factors that include a person's age, together with their kidney and liver health, their history of opioid use, and their existing medical conditions. The system requires safety monitoring to protect against respiratory depression and sedation, nausea, and constipation. The use of standardized conversion protocols, which enable personalized patient treatment, results in better pain management, greater patient adherence, and improved care for patients who leave the hospital. The upcoming methods for developing personalized opioid treatment will benefit from the combination of pharmacogenomics and digital predictive models.

A Comprehensive Review on Targeted Therapy in Breast Cancer and the Role of Monoclonal Antibodies

Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent and fatal tumours that affects women worldwide. It is caused by a combination of environmental, hormonal, and genetic factors and involves the unchecked growth of cells in breast tissue. The epidemiology, underlying causes, diagnostic techniques, and current advancements in breast cancer treatment are all included in this review. Reducing death rates requires early diagnosis using screening methods, including mammography, ultrasonography, and biopsy. Personalised therapy options have been improved by the genomic classification of breast cancer into subtypes: triple-negative, HER2-enriched, luminal A, and luminal B. Risk variables such as age, family history, BRCA1/BRCA2 gene mutations, prolonged oestrogen exposure, and lifestyle choices are also thoroughly examined in this research. The treatment of breast cancer has been transformed by recent developments in immunotherapy, targeted therapies, and diagnostic biomarkers. Hormonal treatments such as tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors continue to be vital for hormone receptor-positive breast cancers, while monoclonal antibodies like trastuzumab effectively target HER2-positive tumors. Depending on the stage of the disease, chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery remain key components of treatment. The review also highlights the significance of patient education, early detection, and preventive strategies, including lifestyle changes and genetic counseling. Although significant progress has been made, challenges remain in addressing metastatic and drug-resistant breast cancers. Current research in areas like nanomedicine, gene therapy, and immune system modulation shows promise for developing more effective and less harmful therapies. Public health efforts focused on education, screening, and ensuring timely access to treatment are essential to lessen the impact of the disease.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children

Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has primarily infected adults since the onset of COVID-19 in December 2019, with a lower proportion of illnesses happening in children. However, as the pandemic has worsened, there has been a discernible increase in pediatric cases of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). Cytokine storms and endothelial damage are two immune-mediated mechanisms that follow SARS-CoV-2 infection and are primarily responsible for the pathophysiology of MIS-C. This paper provides a detailed description of the MIS-C criteria established by the CDC, WHO, and RCPCH, which emphasize multi-organ involvement, protracted fever, and severe inflammatory reactions. They also give an overview of current treatment approaches, including anticoagulant medication, monoclonal antibodies in severe cases, and immunotherapy using intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids. In addition, the review discusses the epidemiological trends and risk factors associated with MIS-C, including age distribution, genetic predisposition, and prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Diagnostic challenges due to overlapping clinical features with other inflammatory conditions, such as Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome, are also addressed. Furthermore, the role of early screening, multidisciplinary management, and long-term follow-up in preventing complications such as cardiac dysfunction and coronary artery abnormalities is emphasized. The importance of ongoing research to better understand disease mechanisms and optimize therapeutic strategies is also highlighted.