The Science of Pigmentation: Melanin Synthesis and Regulation

Abstract

Melanin, the primary pigment that defines skin color, is also crucial for protecting the skin from U.V. radiation damage. Melanin production, or melanogenesis, is an intricate biochemical process involving several enzymes, hormones, and metal ions. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and melanocortin (MSH) are essential hormones that regulate melanogenesis through endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine processes. Exposure to U.V. radiation stimulates the release of these hormones, leading to increased melanin production and skin pigmentation. The presence of different metal ions during the melanogenesis process can also affect the structure and properties of the final melanin pigment.