Naegleria fowleri: A Rare but Fatal Invader of the Human Brain

Abstract

Naegleria fowleri is a free-living amoeba that causes Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) in living organisms. It is commonly known as the “brain-eating amoeba.” It is a single-celled, microscopic organism found in warm freshwater and soil. Even though it is rare, the disease progresses rapidly, and the mortality rate is high. This review presents available information on Naegleria fowleri in an organised and understandable manner. The ultimate goal is to develop an understanding of the organism and the mechanism of the disease caused by it, along with its significance and prevention.

The article aims to give an overview of Naegleria fowleri, along with its history, classification, morphology, pathogenesis, life cycle, mode of transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment options, prevention strategies, and public health importance. The aim of this article is to improve basic awareness among readers and highlight the need for early recognition of this deadly infection. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of Naegleria fowleri, encompassing its biological characteristics, classification, morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, prevention strategies, and public health significance. The review aims to enhance understanding of this pathogenic free-living amoeba and emphasize the importance of early recognition, appropriate diagnosis, and timely management of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis.