Congenital Ranula: A Case Report

Abstract

Ranulas are uncommon mucous extravasation cysts that arise from the sublingual gland, typically presenting as painless, translucent swellings on the floor of the mouth. Congenital ranulas are exceedingly rare, occurring in neonates and early infancy, and may lead to feeding or swallowing difficulties, and in severe cases, respiratory distress. This report describes a 3-month-old male infant diagnosed with a congenital ranula, emphasizing the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and management strategy.

Ultrasonographic examination demonstrated a well-defined, anechoic cystic lesion localized to the sublingual space. Initial conservative observation was undertaken; however, persistent swelling accompanied by feeding difficulty necessitated surgical intervention. Marsupialization was performed under general anesthesia with an uneventful perioperative course. Histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of a mucous extravasation cyst. On follow-up, the infant exhibited complete recovery without recurrence.

Although congenital ranulas are rare, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of oral cystic lesions in neonates and infants. Prompt recognition and timely management are essential to avert complications such as feeding impairment and potential airway compromise. Marsupialization remains a safe, minimally invasive, and effective therapeutic option in this age group, offering excellent outcomes and low recurrence rates.

This case underscores the importance of early multidisciplinary collaboration involving pediatricians, maxillofacial surgeons, radiologists, and anesthesiologists in optimizing the management of congenital ranula. The successful outcome highlights the value of individualized, evidence-based intervention in ensuring favorable prognoses for affected infants.