Reye Syndrome: A Review

Abstract

Australian pathologist Douglas Reye was first described in 1963. It is one of the worsening brain diseases. Some studies stated that a 20–40% death rate is more common in those affected with Reye syndrome. The cause is unknown. This syndrome more commonly occurs after recovery from a viral infection, such as influenza or chickenpox. 90% of cases reported among children are associated with the use of aspirin (salicylate). Inborn errors of metabolism are also one of the risk factors. The syndrome also occurs for the individual, if there is any change in blood tests like a high ammonia level, low blood sugar level, and prolonged prothrombin time. Liver enlargement is also seen in this syndrome. There is no specific test available for Reye's syndrome. Blood investigation and urine tests can be done. Other investigations are Spinal tap, also known as a lumbar puncture, Liver biopsy, CT scan or MRI. Supportive therapy will be given to the students. Mannitol can be given to the individual to reduce brain swelling. Reye syndrome is a rare form of acute encephalopathy and hepatic dysfunction seen in children, who were less than 18 years of age. It occurs after the recovery from a viral infection, especially varicella or influenza A or B (particularly with salicylate use). Supportive therapy can be given to the mothers who can be consulted with Paediatrician, Neurologist, and Hepatologist. Reye’s syndrome is a serious condition in children due to the use of Aspirin. Pharmacists play a major role in providing aspirin for children who are less than 18 years old.