A Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Water Borne Diseases Among Adolescents (12-18 years) in Selected Schools of District Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh

Abstract

Background: Waterborne diseases are illnesses caused by pathogenic microorganisms transmitted through contaminated water. These diseases spread through drinking unsafe water, bathing, washing, or consuming food exposed to contaminated water. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable due to inadequate awareness and hygiene practices.

Objectives: To assess the knowledge regarding waterborne diseases among adolescents (12–18 years) and to determine the association between knowledge levels and selected socio-demographic variables.

Methodology: A quantitative descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The sample consisted of 230 adolescents (12–18 years) selected using a non-probability convenience sampling technique, meaning participants who were readily available and willing to participate were included in the study.

Data were collected using a self-structured knowledge questionnaire developed by the researcher.

Data analysis was performed using:

• Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) to assess knowledge levels.
• Inferential statistics using the Chi-square test to determine the association between knowledge levels and selected socio-demographic variables.

Results: The findings revealed that:

• 138 (60.0%) students had adequate knowledge
• 50 (21.7%) students had moderate knowledge, and
• 42 (18.3%) students had inadequate knowledge regarding waterborne diseases.

No statistically significant association was found between knowledge levels and selected socio-demographic variables such as age, gender, place of residence, type of school, level of education, household income, source of drinking water, type of sanitation facility, water treatment method used at home, and previous knowledge regarding waterborne diseases (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Although the majority of adolescents demonstrated adequate knowledge, a considerable proportion still had moderate to inadequate knowledge, indicating the need for structured health education programs.

Practical Implications: School-based health education programs should be strengthened to improve awareness regarding the prevention and control of waterborne diseases.

• Nurses and community health workers can conduct regular awareness sessions focusing on safe water practices, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH).
• Educational interventions can help reduce the incidence of waterborne diseases among adolescents and promote long-term healthy behaviors.